鎴戠潄寮€鐪肩潧锛屾剰璇嗗埌鎴戝湪鍋氭ⅵ鐨勪竴鍒归偅锛屽唴蹇冩棤姣斿け钀姐€?
姣斿け钀芥洿鍙€曠殑鏄紝闃コ澹憡璇夋垜锛屾矆鑰佸笀瑕佸洖鍥戒簡銆?
鎴戜笉鏄庣櫧锛屾矆閾负浠€涔堣鎻愬墠鍥炲浗銆?
闃コ澹锛屽洜涓哄畨瀹夛紝鍥犱负瀹夊畨澶兂娌堣€佸笀浜嗭紝姣忓ぉ鏅氫笂杩樹細缁欎粬鎵撶數璇濓紝鎵€浠ユ矆鑰佸笀鍐冲畾鎻愬墠鍥炴潵锛岀粰瀹夊畨涓€涓儕鍠溿€?
闃コ澹繕璇达紝娌堣€佸笀鏈夋剰鐣欏湪鍥藉唴鍙戝睍浜嗭紝杩欐涔熸槸甯︾潃鐖舵瘝鍥炴潵鐨勶紝浠婂ぉ鏅氫笂锛屾矆鑰佸笀杩樹細甯︾潃鐖舵瘝鏉ュ閲屽仛瀹⑩€︹€?
闃コ澹浜嗗緢澶氾紝鎴戝嵈娌″惉杩涘幓涓€涓瓧銆?
鍥犱负鎴戣鍘屾矆閾紝璁ㄥ帉寰楄姝伙紝鎴戜笉鎯宠浠栧啀瑙佸皬鍌诲瓙涓€闈紝鎴戜篃涓嶆兂鍚鍜屼粬鏈夊叧鐨勪换浣曟秷鎭€?
184
鎮插搥鐨勬槸锛屽皬鍌诲瓙寰堝枩娆㈡矆閾€?
铏界劧灏忓偦瀛愯繕涓嶇煡閬撴矆閾鍥炴潵鐨勬秷鎭紝浣嗘槸鎴戞槑鐧斤紝灏忓偦瀛愯鍒版矆閾箣鍚庝竴瀹氫細闈炲父寮€蹇冦€?
灏忓偦瀛愪竴瀹氫細寮€蹇冨湴鎵戜笂鍘伙紝鎼傜潃娌堥摥鐨勮剸瀛愶紝鍑戣繎娌堥摥鐨勮€虫湹锛屼翰鏄靛張涔栧阀鍦拌锛氳€佸笀锛屽畨瀹夊ソ鎯充綘銆?
缁撴灉璇佹槑锛屾垜鎯冲緱娌￠敊銆?
鏅氫笂鍏偣鍗婏紝涓€鍛ㄦ湭瑙佹矆閾甫鐫€浠栫殑鐖舵瘝鏉ユ垜瀹舵椂锛岃阿鍏堢敓鍜岄槷濂冲＋杩樻病杩庡嚭鍘伙紝灏忓偦瀛愬氨椋炲揩鍦拌窇浜嗗嚭鍘汇€?
娌堥摥澶ф涔熼鏂欏埌浜嗚繖骞呯敾闈紝鍦ㄥ皬鍌诲瓙鎵戜笂鍘讳箣鍓嶏紝娌堥摥鏀句笅浜嗘墜涓殑绀肩墿锛屽紶寮€浜嗗弻鑷傦紝浠ヤ竴绉嶇粷瀵瑰瀹圭殑濮垮娍锛屾帴绾充簡灏忓偦瀛愮殑鍒版潵銆?
浣嗗皬鍌诲瓙鐨勭涓€鍙ヨ瘽涓嶆槸鎴戝ソ鎯充綘锛岃€屾槸鑰佸笀锛屼笉鏄杩樻湁浜斿ぉ鎵嶈兘瑙侀潰鍚椼€?
娌堥摥鎽囨憞澶达紝澹伴煶寰堣交鍦拌涓嶆槸銆?
娌堥摥璇达紝鑰佸笀甯︾潃鐖哥埜濡堝鏉ョ湅瀹夊畨浜嗭紝瀹夊畨涓嶅拰鑰佸笀鐨勭埜鐖稿濡堟墦涓嫑鍛煎悧銆?
灏忓偦瀛愯繖鎵嶆斁寮€浜嗘矆閾€?
灏忓偦瀛愪技涔庢湁鐐瑰鎬曪紝浠栧張鍥炴湜浜嗘矆閾竴鐪硷紝鎵嶇敎鐢滃湴绗戜簡绗戯紝瀵圭珯鍦ㄦ矆閾韩鏃佺殑涓€瀵逛腑骞村か濡昏锛氬彅鍙旈樋濮ㄥソ鍛€锛屾垜鏄槷瀹夛紝鍙垜瀹夊畨灏卞彲浠ャ€?
绗?7绔?
185
鎴戜笉鍠滄娌堥摥鐨勭埗姣嶃€?
鍗充娇浠栦滑涓€鏉ュ氨澶稿皬鍌诲瓙鎳備簨鍙埍锛屾垜杩樻槸涓嶅枩娆粬浠€?
璋佽浠栦滑鏄矆閾殑鐖舵瘝锛岃皝璁╄嚜浠庢矆閾洖鏉ヤ箣鍚庯紝灏忓偦瀛愬氨榛忓湪浜嗕粬鐨勮韩杈癸紝鏃犺鏄悆楗繕鏄亰澶╋紝灏忓偦瀛愭€昏鎸ㄧ潃娌堥摥鍧愶紝鍍忚繛浣撳┐鍎夸竴鏍凤紝浠昏皝鍠婇兘涓嶅垎寮€銆?
鎴戞湁鐐圭敓姘斻€?
闃コ澹嵈寰堝紑蹇冿紝闃コ澹繕璁╂矆閾殑鐖舵瘝涓嶈瑙佹€紝璇存槸瀹夊畨骞寸邯灏忥紝鎵嶄細杩欎箞鍠滄榛忎汉銆?
娌堥摥鐨勭埗姣嶈〃绀虹悊瑙ｏ紝浠栦滑璇磋繖涔熸槸涓€绉嶈〃杈惧枩娆㈢殑鏂瑰紡銆?
鍠滄锛?
鍚冮キ鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎴戜竴鐩村湪鎬濊€冧竴涓棶棰橈紝灏忓偦瀛愬娌堥摥鐨勫枩娆紝鍒板簳鏄摢绉嶅枩娆€?
寰堝彲鎯滐紝娌℃湁鎬濊€冨嚭鏉ャ€?
鎴戜笉瑙夊緱灏忓偦瀛愬娌堥摥鐨勫枩娆㈡湁浠€涔堢壒鍒殑锛岀壍鎵嬫嫢鎶辫繖浜涗簨鎯咃紝灏忓偦瀛愬拰姣忎竴涓汉閮藉仛杩囷紝鏉庡銆佽阿鍏堢敓銆侀槷濂冲＋銆佹垜锛屾矆閾彧鏄竴涓浠栧ソ鐐圭殑鑰佸笀缃簡锛屾湁浠€涔堝彲鍠滄鐨勶紵
鍙垜杩樻槸鏈夌偣涓嶆斁蹇冿紝娌堥摥绂诲紑涔嬪悗锛屾垜鎯抽棶涓嬪皬鍌诲瓙銆?
186
娌堥摥涓€瀹惰蛋寰楀緢鏅氥€?
鏅氫篃灏辩畻浜嗭紝鍏抽敭鏄蛋鍓嶏紝闃コ澹繕鍜屾矆閾殑鐖舵瘝璇达紝娆㈣繋浠栦滑甯告潵鎴戜滑瀹跺仛瀹€?
鎴戠煡閬撹繖鏄姘旇瘽锛屼絾鎴戠湡鐨勫緢涓嶆杩庝粬浠潵锛屽挨鍏舵槸娌堥摥锛屽鏋滃彲浠ワ紝鎴戠湡甯屾湜浠栧啀涔熶笉瑕佸嚭鐜板湪灏忓偦瀛愰潰鍓嶃€?
鏄捐€屾槗瑙侊紝鎴戠殑甯屾湜钀界┖浜嗐€?
娌堥摥璇达紝鍐嶈繃涓€涓ゅぉ锛岀瓑浠栨妸鏃跺樊鍊掕繃鏉ヤ互鍚庯紝灏变細鏉ユ垜瀹舵暀灏忓偦瀛愬涔犮€?
灏忓偦瀛愬惉浜嗚繖璇濆緢寮€蹇冿紝娌堥摥绂诲紑鍓嶏紝灏忓偦瀛愯繕鍍忎釜灏忓ぇ浜轰技鐨勶紝浠扮潃鐧藉鐨勮劯铔嬶紝鎵潃娌堥摥鐨勮。鎽嗭紝璇皵鍑濋噸鍦板槺鍜愶細鑰佸笀瑕佸ソ濂界潯瑙夈€佸ソ濂藉悆楗紝瀹夊畨涓€瀹氫細涔栦箹鍦扮瓑鑰佸笀鍥炴潵銆?
杩欏彲涔愬潖浜嗛槷濂冲＋锛屾矆閾粬浠寮€涔嬪悗锛岄槷濂冲＋杩樻劅鍙瑰皬鍌诲瓙闀垮ぇ浜嗭紝閮界煡閬撶柤浜轰簡銆?
灏忓偦瀛愯繖涓皬鍌荤摐锛岃繕涓嶇煡閬撶柤浜烘槸浠€涔堟剰鎬濄€?
闃コ澹垰鎰熷徆瀹岋紝灏忓偦鐡滃氨鎷夌潃鎴戠殑鎵嬶紝鎳垫嚨鎳傛噦鍦伴棶锛氬摜鍝ワ紝鐤间汉鏄粈涔堟剰鎬濆憖锛?
灏辨槸涓€涓汉寰堢柤鐨勬剰鎬濓紝瑙ｉ噴瀹屼互鍚庯紝鎴戞妸灏忓偦鐡滄媺鍒拌嚜宸辨埧闂撮噷闈紝鍙嶉棶浠栵細瀹夊畨锛屼綘鍠滄娌堣€佸笀鍚楋紵
灏忓偦鐡滅湪鐫€浜櫠鏅剁殑鐪肩潧锛屾病鏈夌姽璞湴鐐瑰ご锛氬枩娆㈠憖銆?
187
鎴戝張鐢熸皵浜嗐€?
铏界劧鏃╃煡閬撳皬鍌诲瓙浼氳繖涔堣锛屽彲鏄惉鍒板枩娆袱涓瓧鏃讹紝鎴戣繕鏄厠鍒朵笉浣忓湴榛戜簡鑴搞€?
灏忓偦瀛愯繖涓皬鍛嗙摐娌℃湁鐪嬪嚭鏉ャ€?
灏忓偦瀛愬洖绛斿畬锛岃繕寰堟槸鐞嗘墍褰撶劧鍦伴棶锛屽摜鍝ヤ笉鍠滄娌堣€佸笀鍚楋紝娌堣€佸笀瀵瑰畨瀹夊緢濂藉憖銆?
鍝ソ浜嗭紵鎴戝潗鍦ㄦ埧闂撮噷鐨勬矙鍙戜笂锛屾妸灏忓偦瀛愭媺鍒拌窡鍓嶏紝闅忓彛涓€闂€?
灏忓偦瀛愭兂浜嗕竴浼氬効锛屽紑濮嬪緢璁ょ湡鍦板洖绛旓細鏁欏畨瀹夊啓瀛椼€佸甫瀹夊畨鍘绘父涔愬洯銆佺粰瀹夊畨涔板彉褰㈤噾鍒氥€佸杺瀹夊畨鍚冭泲绯曘€佸搫瀹夊畨鐫¤鈥︹€?
濂戒簡锛屾垜涓嶆兂鍚繖浜涗笢瑗匡紝鎴戝張鎶婂皬鍌诲瓙鎷夎繎浜嗕竴鐐癸紝杩戝埌灏忓偦瀛愮殑鍛煎惛閮藉柗鍒颁簡鎴戠殑鑴镐笂锛屽畨瀹夛紝鍝ュ摜鍐嶉棶浣狅紝娌堣€佸笀鍜屼綘璇寸殑鍠滄锛屾槸浠€涔堟牱鐨勫枩娆㈠晩锛?
灏辨槸姘歌繙閮借鍦ㄤ竴璧风殑鍠滄鍛€銆傚皬鍌诲瓙鎽囩潃浠栫殑鍗锋瘺鑴戣锛屽洖绛斿緱寰堝揩銆?
鏄悧锛岀湅鐫€灏忓偦瀛愪竴寮犱竴鍚堢殑鍢村攪锛屾垜鏈変簺蹇冪棐鐥掞紝鎴戝帇涓嬪彛骞茶垖鐕ョ殑鍐插姩锛屽張闂紝瀹夊畨瀵规矆鑰佸笀鐨勫枩娆紝鏄繖绉嶅枩娆㈠悧锛?
灏忓偦瀛愭劊浣忎簡銆?
灏忓偦瀛愬ぇ姒傛病鏈夋兂鍒版垜浼氳繖涔堥棶锛屽張鐪ㄤ簡涓€涓嬩寒鏅舵櫠鐨勭溂鐫涖€?
鍙堣繃浜嗗崐鍒嗗閽燂紝灏忓偦瀛愮孩鐫€鑴歌泲锛屾彧鐫€鎵嬫寚锛屽紶浜嗗紶鍢达紝姝ｅ噯澶囧洖绛旂殑鏃跺€欙紝鎴戠殑鎴块棬琚帹寮€浜嗐€?
鏄阿鍏堢敓銆?
璋㈠厛鐢熸壂浜嗘垜涓€鐪硷紝闅忓嵆鐪嬪悜灏忓偦瀛愶細瀹夊畨鍏堝嚭鍘伙紝鐖哥埜鏈夎瘽闂摜鍝ャ€?
188
璋㈠厛鐢熺殑闂寰堢畝鍗曪紝鍛ㄦ湯鍙椾激鐨勪簨鎯呬綘鐭ラ亾鍚椼€?
鎴戞憞鎽囧ご锛岃涓嶇煡閬擄紝鍛ㄦ湯鍙椾激浜嗗悧銆?
璋㈠厛鐢熷棷浜嗕竴澹帮紝璇翠綘鍛ㄥ彅鍙斿垰鎵嶆墦浜嗕竴涓數璇濊繃鏉ワ紝璇村懆鏈彈浼や簡銆?
鏄悧锛屾垜鍙堥棶锛屼粈涔堜激锛屼激鐨勯噸涓嶉噸銆?
璋㈠厛鐢熸病鍥炵瓟銆?
璋㈠厛鐢熷張闂紝浣犳€庝箞浼氫笉鐭ラ亾鍛ㄦ湯鍙椾激鐨勪簨鎯咃紝浣犲懆鍙斿彅璇达紝鍛ㄦ湯鏄ㄦ櫄鍜屼綘鍦ㄤ竴璧凤紝浣犱滑鏄笉鏄害浜嗗湪Vics鍠濋厭銆?
娌℃湁锛屾垜闈㈣壊涓嶆敼鍦板惁璁わ紝鎴戜滑铏界劧绾﹀湪浜哣ics鍠濋厭锛屽悗鏉ュ氨鍚勭帺鍚勭殑浜嗭紝鎴戜笉鐭ラ亾鍛ㄦ湯鍘诲摢浜嗭紝鎴戜竴鐩村湪Vics鍜屼竴涓皟閰掑笀鐜┿€?
璋㈠厛鐢熷張闂紝閭ｄ釜璋冮厭甯堟槸鐢风殑锛?
